During the decade 2014–2025, the Albanian economy has experienced a fluctuating growth trajectory, starting from a slow recovery after the global financial crisis, a rapid acceleration until 2018, a drastic decline in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and a...
The 2026 Draft State Budget reflects a careful fiscal approach aimed at maintaining the stability of the deficit and public debt, while directing expenditures toward social and developmental priorities. Compared to previous years, when the government’s focus was primarily on managing...
Over a tense decade, Albania’s public debt experienced a cycle marked by growth, crisis, and stabilization, reflecting the challenges faced by developing countries with limited fiscal capacity. From 72.1% of GDP in 2015, the debt-to-GDP ratio peaked at 74.1% in...
Since 2020, the Albanian economy has faced a series of complex challenges. On one hand, inflation has experienced a significant increase, driven not only by domestic factors but also by turmoil and risks in the global economy. On the other...
Public debt is not inherently negative. It is a financial instrument that governments use to cover the gap between expenditures and collected revenues (taxes, fees, tariffs, etc.). When there is a budget deficit, the government finances itself through borrowing from...
In Albania, public enterprises have become a symbol of mismanagement and continuous losses. Around 70–80% operate with negative results or minimal profit margins, while accumulated losses in key sectors such as energy, water supply, public transport, and waste management reach...
Dividend taxation as a key fiscal policy element in Albania and its long-term effects on the economy and capital market. Dividend taxation is a key component of fiscal policy in Albania and has undergone significant changes over the years. For the...
Standard & Poor’s decision to upgrade Albania’s credit rating from “BB-” to “BB” represents an important development for public finances and capital markets. On the surface, this signals an improvement in macroeconomic stability, debt management, and confidence in the country’s...
The increase of the average wage from 75,025 ALL at the end of 2023 to 83,401 ALL in the fourth quarter of 2024 is a significant development that has attracted wide attention. This wage increase, amounting to 8,376 ALL more...
The zero-value banknote theory is an extreme scenario in which currencies such as the euro, the dollar, or other national currencies completely lose their value due to a monetary crisis, uncontrolled inflation, or mismanagement of financial policies. This phenomenon is...
