The sovereign credit rating is a measure of the government's ability to repay its debts. Like personal credit scores, a high credit score indicates a financial situation with low credit risk and a low score indicates a government that may...
By far, the euro's biggest obstacle is a single monetary policy that often does not suit local economic conditions. It is common for EU countries to benefit under these conditions. In contrast, others, including Albania, suffer from this discriminatory course...
Inflation can affect public finances through multiple channels. It tends to expand tax bases in nominal terms, increasing nominal tax revenues, but it can also increase the cost of government spending, more directly for budget items that are automatically indexed...
In broad terms, exchange rate risk [1] is major when a company or investment relies on a foreign currency that must be converted into the Albanian lek. Foreign exchange risk can be caused by the appreciation/devaluation of the Lek,...
After a strong economic recovery in 2021, Albania in 2022 was hit by high energy costs, fueled to a significant extent by Russia's occupation of Ukraine, but mostly left unclear as to how prepared domestic resources were. to mitigate the...
ALTAX experts in a recent paper, with a joint approach of the education and legal sectors, have summarized analyzes and proposals on the budget deficit, financial crises and natural disasters and direct monetary financing as an effective instrument for government...
According to the latest publication for Albania, the IMF mission this December 2021 states that: The recovery is broad-based with all sectors but agriculture registering positive growth in 2021H1. Electricity production doubled in 2021Q1 compared to 2020Q1 due to favorable...
Sustainable economic recovery cannot be achieved unless we defeat the pandemic. It is necessary that the timing of the action be understood to have a lot of impact in this fight against COVID-19. At this time that is entering a...
Budget deficits, as well as surpluses can be part of our everyday financial life, together with their effects. But, the impact they reflect to economic environment is the most important effect for the future. Business investment spending on physical capital such...
