expenditures

What is included/allowed in personal income and expenses for tax purposes?

In Albania, personal income is taxed on all income earned inside and outside the country by a resident individual and inside the country by a non-resident individual, except for the exceptions for each source of income. All the elements that...

What should be the expectations from a combined fiscal and monetary policy regime?

A fiscal policy that focuses on primary surpluses regardless of the stock of real debt, but combined with a monetary policy that ensures interest payments on outstanding debt, is assessed by international financial institutions as not causing debt to grow...

The Albanian budget for 11 months 2023 is like a double-edged sword

The state budget for the 11th month of 2023 results in a surplus[1] and this reality shows at first glance that the government's finances are being managed effectively. This budget surplus comes from the realized income at the...

The 2023 budget review should contain social attention

Mid-year revenue and expenditure budget reviews are part of a more frequent financial review cycle to ensure that money is spent strategically and to analyze and adjust allocations according to the performance of budget projects by ministries. Unfortunately, many ministries...

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