political patronage

Digitizing Trust and limits of Tax Reform in Albania

Albania's recent push to digitize its tax system through the fiscalization process marks a high-profile attempt to combat informality and modernize public finance. Framed as a cornerstone of the country’s EU alignment efforts, this reform promises greater transparency and tax...

Beyond recurrence — Is 2025 a structural break or tactical replay?

Albania’s 2024 anti-informality campaign marks the fourth major attempt in a decade (following 2015, 2018, and 2021). While the discourse is familiar—promoting tax compliance, reducing wage evasion, and curbing informality—the infrastructure, international context, and strategic intent have evolved. The question...

… towards the joint struggle for narrowing informality!

The informal economy is important to the formal economy because if its size is formalized year after year, this would potentially affect economic growth, but it would also increase government budget revenues and as a result improve social welfare. In an...

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