{"id":18452,"date":"2024-05-01T09:08:09","date_gmt":"2024-05-01T07:08:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/altax.al\/?p=18452"},"modified":"2024-05-01T09:08:09","modified_gmt":"2024-05-01T07:08:09","slug":"the-tax-burden-in-albania-and-its-neighbors-depends-on-consumption-and-labor-taxes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/altax.al\/en\/the-tax-burden-in-albania-and-its-neighbors-depends-on-consumption-and-labor-taxes\/","title":{"rendered":"The tax burden in Albania and its neighbors depends on consumption and labor taxes"},"content":{"rendered":"

The tax systems in the Western Balkans (BP6) still have the greatest dependence on VAT and taxes on work (tax on income from work and insurance contributions).<\/p>\n

In the five of BP6 countries (excluding BiH), VAT payments carry a weight of 36% of the tax burden, with a decrease from 2021 by 3 percentage points.<\/p>\n

Here is the distribution of the VAT burden according to BP6 countries<\/em>.<\/p>\n

In Kosovo, the VAT burden is 52% of the entire fiscal burden and has not changed since 2021.<\/p>\n

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the VAT burden is 42% of the fiscal burden, with the same weight as before.<\/p>\n

In Montenegro, the weight of the VAT burden is 39% of the fiscal burden, with a decrease in weight from 2021.<\/p>\n

In Albania, the impact of the VAT burden is 32% of the fiscal burden, with a decrease of 3 percentage points from 2021.<\/p>\n

In North Macedonia and Serbia, the VAT burden is the lowest in the region at 28% of the fiscal burden, respectively with a decrease of 2 percentage points from 2021 or, in the case of Serbia, it has not changed.<\/p>\n

The burden of VAT in relation to GDP has small changes that support the argument that tax policy and administration have not yet succeeded in shifting the tax burden from consumption to labor and capital.<\/p>\n

The high weight of the VAT burden, as can be seen from its average in the last 5 years, is a very big impact on today’s economy, which needs a reduction in the prices of many products for citizens, but also of the costs of goods and services for businesses. In fact, a high level of the VAT burden in the budget has been collected precisely by businesses, which have taxed citizens through high tax rates and with slightly reduced rates for basic products and some raw materials for the productive economy.<\/p>\n

Burden from Direct Taxes<\/em> in 2023, which includes capital tax and tax[1]<\/a> on labor income constitute 16% of the tax burden in BP6. We see the burden of direct taxes distributed and with visible changes in BP6 countries. The highest level of direct tax burden[2]<\/a> in 2023 is held by Albania, where citizens pay taxes equal to 20.5% of GDP. The main weight in direct taxes is the profit tax (as much as 10.9% of GDP).<\/p>\n

The citizens and businesses of Serbia follow, paying direct taxes of 18.6% of GDP. The main weight in direct taxes is carried by personal income tax (as much as 11.3% of GDP).<\/p>\n

In third place are the citizens and businesses of Kosovo who pay direct taxes amounting to 18.3% of their GDP. The main weight in direct taxes is carried by personal income tax (as much as 10.5% of GDP).<\/p>\n

At slightly lower levels, the citizens and businesses of North Macedonia also pay, with a direct tax burden of 17.9% of their GDP. The main weight in direct taxes is carried by personal income tax (as much as 10.9% of GDP).<\/p>\n

Meanwhile, the other two countries (Montenegro and BiH) are far from this level of tax burden as above and carry a direct tax burden of 14.1% of the Montenegrin GDP and 10% of the GDP of the BiH.<\/p>\n

The main weight in the direct tax burden in Montenegro is borne by personal income tax (8.8% of GDP). While the main weight in the burden of direct taxes in BiH is held equally by both types of taxes (5% to 5% of GDP).<\/p>\n

From the burden of direct taxes<\/em> in 2023 in each BP6 country, we see that within this group that taxes labor and capital, we must also look at the weight of social security contributions<\/em>.<\/p>\n

The country with the highest burden in BP6 for the payment of social insurance contributions[3]<\/a> is BiH with the level of 14.5% of the country’s GDP. In the same way, Serbia is also part of the countries with a high burden of social security contributions, as citizens receive a sum of payments equal to 13% of the country’s GDP.<\/p>\n

North Macedonia, Montenegro and Albania have a moderate to low level compared to the two countries above in this regard.<\/p>\n

North Macedonia collects insurance contributions as income in the state budget at a level of 10.2% of GDP, while Montenegro collects 8% of GDP. Albania is in the last place for the low burden of social insurance and health contributions, with a burden that is 6.2% of GDP<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tax burden according to the standard rates of TF and TAP in BP, 2021 – 2023 (in % of GDP)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Countries<\/td>\nCIT rates(%)<\/td>\nCorporate Income Tax (CIT)<\/td>\nPIT rates (%)<\/td>\nPersonal Income Tax (PIT)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2021<\/td>\n2022<\/td>\n2023<\/td>\nAv. 3 vite<\/td>\n2021<\/td>\n2022<\/td>\n2023<\/td>\nMes. 3 vite<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Albania<\/td>\n5, 15<\/td>\n1.9<\/td>\n2.2<\/td>\n2.8<\/td>\n2.3<\/td>\n0, 8, 13, 23<\/td>\n2.1<\/td>\n2.1<\/td>\n2.5<\/td>\n2.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kosovo<\/td>\n3, 9, 10<\/td>\n1.4<\/td>\n1.8<\/td>\n2.0<\/td>\n1.7<\/td>\n0, 4, 8, 10<\/td>\n2.4<\/td>\n2.4<\/td>\n2.7<\/td>\n2.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Montenegro<\/td>\n9, 12, 15<\/td>\n1.6<\/td>\n1.6<\/td>\n1.9<\/td>\n1.7<\/td>\n0, 9, 15<\/td>\n4.0<\/td>\n3.8<\/td>\n3.2<\/td>\n3.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
North Macedonia<\/td>\n1, 10<\/td>\n1.5<\/td>\n1.9<\/td>\n2.0<\/td>\n1.8<\/td>\n10, 15, 70<\/td>\n2.8<\/td>\n2.8<\/td>\n3.1<\/td>\n2.9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Serbia<\/td>\n15<\/td>\n2.5<\/td>\n2.9<\/td>\n2.7<\/td>\n2.7<\/td>\n10, 15<\/td>\n3.7<\/td>\n4.1<\/td>\n4.2<\/td>\n4.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bosnia-Herzegovina<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n1.7<\/td>\n1.7<\/td>\n1.8<\/td>\n1.7<\/td>\n2, 10<\/td>\n1.8<\/td>\n1.8<\/td>\n1.8<\/td>\n1.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

If we look at the effective tax rate[5]<\/a><\/em> for individuals and businesses, based on the tax burden indicators above (see Tab.) and other macroeconomic indicators, it turns out that the average for BP6 countries is 11.8%.<\/p>\n

Compared to EU countries[6]<\/a>, which have an effective tax rate of 19.7%, it is seen that there is a difference that is 7.9 percentage points lower.<\/p>\n

The highest level is maintained by Serbia with 14.8% followed by Albania with 14.7% and Montenegro with 12.3%. Whereas, other countries have a lower effective tax rate that reaches up to 9.4% in BiH.<\/p>\n

The effective tax burden for direct taxes is lower especially in Kosovo, BiH and North Macedonia.<\/p>\n

On the other hand, this shows a dependence of tax revenues on consumption, influenced by the values of foreign investments for some countries, but also by the consumption structure of the population.<\/p>\n

All BP6 countries are dependent on consumption taxes and this naturally results in a lower effective tax burden.<\/p>\n

In 2023, the effective tax burden increases in Albania, Serbia, Kosovo and Montenegro. Each of these countries has an increasing level of income tax and personal income tax receipts above the average level of the last 5 years<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Capital gains are profit from the sale or rental benefit of a capital asset (land, building, physical money, virtual money, movable property, shares in a company, things)<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> payroll tax and other taxes on personal income from labor and capital, including tax on business profits<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Above, they are included in the group of labor taxes, based on their relationship with the employee’s salary, but in this analysis they are treated separately<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/bqk-kos.org\/mbikeqyrja-financiare-2\/licencimi-i-institucioneve-financiare\/fondet-pensionale\/<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/fssh.rks-gov.net\/page.aspx?id=1,19<\/a><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> The term effective tax rate refers to the percentage of income that an individual or business pays in taxes and fees. The effective tax rate for individuals is the average rate at which their earned income, such as wages, and unearned income, such as stock dividends, are taxed. The effective tax rate for a corporation is the average rate at which its pre-tax profits are taxed.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/stats.oecd.org\/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=CTS_ETR<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The tax systems in the Western Balkans (BP6) still have the greatest dependence on VAT and taxes on work (tax on income from work and insurance contributions). In the five […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":18450,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9756],"tags":[9763,9845,9304,9196,11404,13650,8772,10588,9850,8399,10142,8432,9843],"class_list":["post-18452","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-albania-en-2","tag-balkans-en-2","tag-bosnia","tag-capital-tax","tag-consume-taxes","tag-effective-tax-rate","tag-kosovo","tag-labor-tax","tag-macedonia-en-2","tag-montenegro","tag-serbia-en-2","tag-tax-burden","tag-vat-en-2"],"featured_image_src":{"landsacpe":["https:\/\/altax.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/tax-burden-wb6-labor.jpg",780,445,false],"list":["https:\/\/altax.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/tax-burden-wb6-labor-463x348.jpg",463,348,true],"medium":["https:\/\/altax.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/tax-burden-wb6-labor-300x171.jpg",300,171,true],"full":["https:\/\/altax.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/tax-burden-wb6-labor.jpg",780,445,false]},"yoast_head":"\nThe tax burden in Albania and its neighbors depends on consumption and labor taxes - ALTAX<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/altax.al\/en\/the-tax-burden-in-albania-and-its-neighbors-depends-on-consumption-and-labor-taxes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The tax burden in Albania and its neighbors depends on consumption and labor taxes - ALTAX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The tax systems in the Western Balkans (BP6) still have the greatest dependence on VAT and taxes on work (tax on income from work and insurance contributions). 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